WHY RENOUNCING THE WORLD?

After sitting, King Koravya respectfully addressed the Venerable Ratthapala:
-- Venerable Ratthapala, there are four types of declines. It’s the very four that people shave off their hair and beard, put on the saffron robes, become monastics, abandon their households and live without family. What are the four? Declines due to old age, due to illness, due to possession loss and due to the loss of beloved and relatives.
--Venerable Ratthapala, what’s decline of old age? Here’s an elder, Venerable Ratthapala, who’s lived in advanced years, reached the latest monastic seniority, almost gets to his full span and near his final end. He considers “Now, I’m an oldster. I’ve reached my latest seniority, almost gotten to my full span and very close to my final end. It’s truly uneasy for me to grab what I couldn’t grasp earlier or increase what I’ve already seized. Thus, I should shave my hair and beard, put on the saffron robe, get ordained, abandon my household and live without family.” This elderly person, due to his old-aged decline, shaves his hair and beard, dons the saffron robe, gets ordained, abandons his household and lives without family. This is the true decline of old age. But Venerable Ratthapala, you don’t get that. Now, you’re very young, still in your prime youth with dark shining hair. So, Venerable Ratthapala, what do you know, what do you see, what do you hear that you become a monastic, renounce your family and live without your household?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, what’s decline of illness? Here’s a person suffered from serious sickness, Venerable Ratthapala. He considers “Now, I’m sick, suffered by a severe illness. It’s truly uneasy for me to grab what I couldn’t grasp earlier or increase what I’ve already seized. Thus, I should shave my hair and beard, don the saffron robe, get ordained, abandon my household and live without family.” This person, due to his old-aged decline, shaves his hair and beard, dons the saffron robe, gets ordained, abandons his household and lives without family. This is the true decline of illness. But Venerable Ratthapala, it’s not your case. Now, you’re rarely sick, rarely suffering, neither too cold nor too hot, with balanced digestion. So, Venerable Ratthapala, what then do you know, what then do you see, what then do you hear that you become a monastic, renounce your family and live without your household?
-- And Venerable Ratthapala, what’s decline of possessions? Here’s a very rich person who possesses lots of properties and treasures, Venerable Ratthapala. But they’re slowly going to a decline. He considers “Earlier, I was wealthy among abundant money and possessions. But now, they’re all coming to an end. It’s truly uneasy for me to grab what I couldn’t grasp earlier or increase what I’ve already owned. Thus, I should shave my hair and beard, put on the saffron robe, get ordained, abandon my household and live without family.” This person, due to his loss of treasure trove, shaves his hair and beard, puts on the saffron robe, gets ordained, abandons his household and lives without family. This is the true decline of possessions. But Venerable Ratthapala, it’s not your case. Now and here, at Thullakotthita, you’re from the foremost family. So, Venerable Ratthapala, what then do you know, what then do you see, what then do you hear that you become a monastic, renounce your family and live without your household?
-- And Venerable Ratthapala, what’s decline of immediate and extended family? Here’s a person who has a lot of beloveds, friends, acquaintances, blood-relations, Venerable Ratthapala. But they’re slowly coming to a decline. He considers “It’s truly uneasy for me to grab what I couldn’t grasp earlier or increase what I’ve already owned. Thus, I should shave my hair and beard, don the saffron robe, get ordained, abandon my household and live without family.” This person, due to his relation decline, shaves his hair and beard, puts on the saffron robe, gets ordained, abandons his household and lives without family. This is the true decline of relations. But Venerable Ratthapala, you don’t get that. Now and here, at Thullakotthita, you’ve lots of blooded-relation, companions and relatives from big extended family. So, Venerable Ratthapala, what then do you know, what then do you see, what then do you hear that you become a monastic, renounce your family and live without your household?
-- And Venerable Ratthapala, these are the four declines. Due to them, here, many laypeople shave their hair and beard, don the saffron robes, get ordained, abandon their households and live without family. But Venerable Ratthapala, you don’t get those. They’re not your cases. So, Venerable, what then do you know, what then do you see, what then do you hear that you become a monastic, renounce your family and live without your household?
-- O, Great King, there are Four Dharma taught by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Through my knowing, my seeing and my listening to them, then I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household. What are the four?
-- Yes, Your Majesty, “world is impermanent tending toward destruction.” It’s the First Dharma preached by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Due to my knowing, my seeing and my listening to it, then I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household.
-- Yes, Your Majesty,” world is aidless and unprotected”. That’s the Second Dharma instructed by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Due to my knowing, my seeing and my listening to it, I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household.
-- "World is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must drop down everything behind.” O, Great King, that’s the Third Dharma taught by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Due to my knowing, my seeing and my listening to it, then I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household.
“World is needy, thirsty and enslaved by cravings.” O, Your Majesty, that’s the Fourth Dharma preached by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Through my knowing, my seeing and my listening to it, then I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household.
-- O, Your Majesty, those are the Four Dharma instructed by the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahat, the Ones with Utmost Cultivation. Through my knowing, my seeing and my listening to them, then I become monastic, abandon family, and live without household.
-- Venerable Ratthapala did say: “World is impermanent tending toward destruction.” What should it be the meaning for that speech, Venerable Ratthapala?
-- O, Your Majesty, what do you think? When you were 20 or 25 years old, were you skillful in elephants, in horses, in chariots, in bows and swords? Were your calves and arms strong and were you capable and masterful in warfare?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, when I was 20 or 25, I was skillful in elephants, in horses, in chariots, in bows and swords; my calves and arms were strong; I was capable and masterful in warfare. profession. Sometimes, Venerable Ratthapala, I felt my miraculous power and seemingly no one could compete against me in strength.
-- O, Your Majesty, what do you think? Now are your calves and arms still strong and you’re still capable and proficient in war profession?
-- No more in that way, Venerable Ratthapala. Now, I’m aged. I’ve lived in advanced years, reached the latest monastic seniority, got my full span and close to my final end, almost 80 of longevity. At times, Venerable Ratthapala, I think “Here I’ll put my feet on”, but instead, I place them elsewhere.
-- Relating to this meaning, Your Majesty, that the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation said, “World is impermanent and subject to destruction.” And after knowing, after seeing, after listening to it, I become monastic, abandoned family, and live without household.
-- How marvelous, Venerable Ratthapala! How rare and precious, Venerable Ratthapala! The Blessed One, the Knowers, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation delicately said this meaning, “World is impermanent and subject to destruction.” Yes, it’s real, Venerable Ratthapala. The world is impermanent and subject to destruction.
But, Venerable Ratthapala! There’re troops of elephants, troops of horses, troops of military chariots, infantry troops in this kingdom. When in danger, they’d protect us. But Venerable Ratthapala said “,” World is aidless and unprotected”. What should it be the meaning for that speech, Venerable Ratthapala?
-- O, Great King, what do you think? Do you have any chronic disease?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, I’ve got chronic leprosy. Many times, my companions, associates, blooded-relatives stood around me and said, “Now King Koravya’s ending up his life. Now King Koravya’s ending up his life.”
-- O, Great King, what do you think? Could you tell your friends, associates, and blooded kins, “My friends, associates and blooded kins, I hope you all could pacify my sufferings. Please share this feeling so I may have a lighter one.” O, Great King, or you just tolerate it by yourself?”
-- Venerable Ratthapala, I couldn’t tell them, ““My friends, associates and blooded kins, I hope you all could pacify my sufferings. Please share this feeling so I may have a lighter one.” But I could only tolerate it by myself.
-- O, Great King, relating to this meaning that the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation said, “World is aidless and unprotected.” And after knowing, after seeing, after listening to it, then I become monastic, abandoned family, and live without household.
-- How marvelous, Venerable Ratthapala! How rare and precious, Venerable Ratthapala! The Blessed One, the Knowers, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation delicately said this meaning, “World is aidless and unprotected.” Yes, it’s real, Venerable Ratthapala. The world is aidless and unprotectable.
-- But, Venerable Ratthapala! There’re a great number of gold bullions and gold coins underneath the earth and above the earth in this kingdom. But Venerable Ratthapala did say,” World is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must drop down everything behind.” What should it be the meaning for that speech, Venerable Ratthapala?
-- O, Great King, what do you think? Now you’re living in full enjoyment and indulgence of the five sensual pleasures, could you say like this, “That’s correct. I’ve lived in full enjoyment and indulgence of the five sensual pleasures.”; or others will inherit your wealth, and you’ll be gone with your own karma?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, though now I’m living in full enjoyment and indulgence of the five sensual pleasures, I can’t say, “That’s correct. I’ve lived in full enjoyment and indulgence of the five sensual pleasures.”. But the very others will inherit my wealth, and I’ll be gone with my own karma.
-- O, Great King, relating to this meaning that the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation said, “World is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must let go of everything behind.” And after knowing, after seeing, after listening to it, I become monastic, abandoned family, and live without household.
-- How marvelous, Venerable Ratthapala! How rare and precious, Venerable Ratthapala! The Blessed One, the Knowers, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation delicately said this meaning, “World is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must let go of everything behind.” Yes, it’s true, Venerable Ratthapala. The world is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must drop down everything behind.
-- Venerable Ratthapala did say: “World is needy, thirsty, and enslaved by cravings.” What should it be the meaning for that speech, Venerable Ratthapala?
-- O, Great King, what do you think? Do you govern over Kuru, a prosperous kingdom?
-- Yes, Venerable Ratthapala. I govern over Kuru, a prosperous kingdom.
-- O, Great King, what do you think? If someone reliable and righteous came to Your Majesty from the East and said to His Majesty, “O, Great King, do you ever know? I’m from the East where I’ve seen a big, powerful and prosperous country with dense population. There’re lots of elephant troops, horse troops, chariot troops and troops of foot soldiers There’re also lots of elephant tusks, gold ingots, minted or unminted gold coins and women. And that realm can be seized with such force. Your Majesty, go conquer it. And what’d you do?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, after conquering that country, I would rule it and mint the gold coins.
-- O, Great King, what do you think? Here, someone came to Your Majesty from the West...from the North...from the South....from the other side of the sea. That person is reliable and righteous and said to you, “O, Great King, do you ever know? I’m from across the sea. There I’ve seen a great country, powerful, prosperous and densely inhabited. There’re lots of elephant troops, horse troops, chariot troops and foot soldiers There’re also lots of elephant tusks, gold ingots, minted and unminted gold coins and women. And that realm can be seized with such force. Your Majesty, go conquer it. And what’d you do?
-- Venerable Ratthapala, after conquering that country, I would rule it.
-- O, Great King, relating to this meaning that the Blessed One, the Knower, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation said, “World is needy, insatiable, and enslaved by cravings. ” And after knowing, after seeing, after listening to it, I become monastic, abandoned family, and live without household.
-- How marvelous, Venerable Ratthapala! How rare and precious, Venerable Ratthapala! The Blessed One, the Knowers, the Arahats, and the Ones of Highest Cultivation delicately said this meaning, “World is needy, insatiable and enslaved by cravings.” Yes, it’s true, Venerable Ratthapala. The world is needy, insatiable and enslaved by cravings.
Through this short sutra, we can notice the two different types of spiritual backgrounds for renunciation.
1- For lay people. They get ordained due to:
- Decline of Old Age
- Decline of Illness
- Decline of Possessions
- Decline of Beloveds and Blooded Relations
2- For those who are sagacious. They get ordained due to:
- The world is impermanent and subject to destruction.
- The world is aidless and unprotected.
- The world is non-ownership. When leaving it, one must drop down everything behind.
- The world is needy, insatiable, and enslaved by cravings.
Broadly, the viewpoint of ordinary people is limited, merely within their personal declines. When they find it’s unable to gain some more things in life, they abandon it and take refuge in the monastic path. Those with higher spiritual backgrounds, after hearing, seeing, understanding the worldly characteristics—the world is transient, unprotected, unpossessable and bound by greed, get deeply awakened and realizing those are constant truths that govern all existence. They all know that now they’re young, healthy, wealthy, stay with their parents and surrounded among blooded relatives. But one day they’ll get old, ill, no longer rich and their parents or relatives would leave this world one by one; and eventually in loneliness, they themselves will too.
That awakening mind is similar to that of Prince Siddharttha who didn’t wait till his encountering the four declines of old age, sickness, loss of possessions and loss of beloved and relatives to get awakened. It’s the discrepancy of wisdom between two types of world renouncers.
Y’all, which type of people we often encounter in life? The first one. They’re those who’ve seen the world around is truly existing. They think they must take responsibility for their family, parents, siblings with financial supports. They might fall ill before retirement and end up their life while their duties remain undone. What if they leave this world alone when their mind is heavily entangled in regret and discomfort? So, yup! Being reborn to reinstate that love attachment. What if they’ve just been sick, then renounce this life? Are their will, health and mind still available for practice? And what if being ordained at old age? There’d be not enough time for mind training, then needless to say about life service.
That is why the Buddha reminded:
"Knowing this, one should practice,
Today with earnest effort.
Who knows, tomorrow death may come."
With such a mind of courage and clarity, the youth Ratthapāla achieved the goal of virtuous merits in a short time.
When you have time, please reread the whole Discourse 82-- Ratthapāla (Majjhima Nikāya). You’ll see how hard Ratthapāla went through so many impediments before getting his parental permission for renunciation. Just by listening to the Buddha’s preaching once, he got awakened, firmly determined to cut off all affectionate ties, his parents, lots of wives, wealthy life and chose ascetic practice in the Dharma and Vinaya, disciplines, of virtuous merits.
That’s the ancients. How about people today?
It recommends to profoundly contemplate on these four worldly characteristics. We will attain sufficient wisdom and sky-reaching determination to follow the Buddha without ever looking back.
Bhikkhuni Thích Nữ Triệt Như
Sunyata Monastery, Aug 18, 2021
English version by Ngọc Huyền
Link to Vietnamese article: https://tanhkhong.org/a2632/triet-nhu-snhp024-vi-sao-xuat-gia-
